Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a term that
refers to a special feature of a cell clone with increased trend for mutations.
To prevent mutations, special proteins work in human cells that repair damaged
DNA. This is the so-called complex of repair proteins - DNA mismatch repair, MMR for
short. When such a protein detects an error in DNA, it removes it and inserts
the correct nucleotide sequence.
MMR
does not work perfectly, but still recognizes most defects in the genetic
material and eliminates them. If repair proteins cease to perform their functions
normally, the frequency of unrecognized mutations increases dramatically. Most
often, the DNA repair system ceases to function normally for two reasons:
1) Hereditary mutations in the genes that encode
the proteins of this system.
2) Epigenetic changes that reduce the activity of genes encoding MMR proteins.
The MSI analysis involves comparing the allelic
profiles of microsatellite markers amplified from the MSS control sample (DNA
from people without MSI) and test samples. Alleles that are present in the test
sample but not in the MSS control are indicative of MSI.
The kit comes with MSI control. In the MSI control sample, all seven MSI
mononucleotide markers do not match the MSI markers in the MSS control sample,
indicating microsatellite instability in the MSI control sample.
The kit allows the analysis of seven MSI mononucleotide markers (BAT-25,
BAT-26, NR-21, NR-22, CAT-25, NR-24 and NR-27) and one additional STR marker
(Penta E) used to confirm pre-reliability comparable biosamples from the patient.
By fragment analysis, the length of PCR amplicons of the tested samples is
compared versus MSS control and
MSI control.
Available product:
MSI MutaPrime FA Kit, 24 tests Cat.no IG-FA-5-24
Price: on request
Reagents are for research use only (RUO)